The History of Jōmanji Temple
Founded by Keizan Jōkin in 1291
The history of Jōmanji dates back to 1291, when the local district governor of Kaifu invited Keizan Jōkin to establish a temple near Yoshida Castle, his stronghold. Keizan was 28 years old at the time and was still engaged in Buddhist training at Daijōji Temple in Kanazawa. Jōmanji became the first temple he founded, marking an important milestone in his religious career.
When Keizan arrived, five disciples accompanied him. He transmitted the Buddhist precepts to them, including Ganka Tekkyō, who would go on to play an important role in the temple’s management. Jōmanji subsequently developed into a significant center for Sōtō Zen training, helping to spread Buddhist teachings and influence the cultural life of the surrounding community.
Destruction During the Invasion by Chōsokabe Motochika
The temple’s early prosperity came to an end in 1575, when the forces of Chōsokabe Motochika, who had unified Tosa Province in present-day Kōchi Prefecture, advanced into the Kaifu area of Awa Province. Jōmanji was destroyed by fire during the military campaign and remained abandoned for approximately 350 years.
Plans for Revival in the Taishō Era
Jōmanji began to attract renewed attention in 1925, when Sōtō Zen priest Todā Goō developed a plan to restore the temple. Progress was temporarily delayed because the restoration of another temple took priority. In 1940, however, Ryōin Yokozeki, a disciple who had accompanied Todā, surveyed the former temple grounds. With the support of local residents, efforts to revive Jōmanji gained new momentum.
The temple’s name was subsequently restored through the efforts of Gensō Watanabe, the chief abbot of Sōjiji, one of the two head temples of Sōtō Zen, and his disciple Raiō Watanabe. In 1952, Jōmanji was officially reestablished. Its revival represented not only the restoration of a historic religious institution but also a new source of vitality for the local community.
Reconstruction in the Modern Era
Restoration continued steadily after the 1950s. In 1973, a memorial pagoda honoring Keizan Jōkin was built, incorporating a portion of his remains. The temple complex was gradually improved, and a new main hall was completed in 1997. In 2007, a dedicated meditation hall was added, further strengthening Jōmanji’s role as a place for Zen practice and spiritual discipline.
Highlights of Jōmanji Temple
Zensōzan Mountain and the Sacred Cedar
Behind the temple rises a mountain known as Zensōzan, traditionally associated with the meditation practices of Keizan Jōkin’s disciples. The mountain is home to a magnificent old cedar known as the Zensō Sugi, or Zen Monk Cedar. Its imposing presence evokes the image of monks engaged in quiet contemplation.
Surrounded by nature, this peaceful area offers visitors an opportunity to step away from the pace of everyday life and appreciate the close relationship between Zen Buddhism and the natural world. The tranquil mountain setting is an especially appealing part of a visit for those interested in Japanese spiritual traditions.
The Main Hall and Principal Buddhist Image
The temple buildings have been reconstructed several times throughout Jōmanji’s long history. The present main hall, completed in 1997, is a central feature of the temple grounds. Its religious character reflects the teachings and traditions of Sōtō Zen, a school of Buddhism that emphasizes seated meditation, known as zazen, and mindfulness in everyday life.
Visitors should also look for the temple’s principal image, the Shaka Triad, consisting of Shakyamuni Buddha accompanied by two attendant figures. Together, the main hall and Buddhist images offer a glimpse into the spiritual heritage that has been carefully preserved through the temple’s modern revival.
Annual Buddhist Ceremonies
Jōmanji holds several Buddhist ceremonies throughout the year, maintaining its connection with the faith and traditions of the local community. Major observances include a New Year prayer service, memorial services during the spring and autumn equinoxes, and a Segaki ceremony in August to make offerings for the spirits of the deceased and beings suffering from hunger.
These ceremonies provide insight into the customs and beliefs that continue to shape religious life in Japan. Visitors interested in Buddhist culture may find them a meaningful way to learn more about the traditions of a historic Zen temple.
Access to Jōmanji Temple
By Public Transportation
Jōmanji Temple is approximately a 50-minute walk or a 10-minute drive from Awa-Kainan Station on the JR Mugi Line. It can also be reached on foot in about 50 minutes from Kaifu Station on the Asa Coast Railway’s Asatō Line. The surrounding area offers rural scenery, making the journey an opportunity to appreciate the natural landscape of southern Tokushima Prefecture.
By Car
When traveling by car, the temple can be reached via National Route 55. Parking is available, making driving a convenient option for visitors exploring the coastal and cultural attractions of the Kaiyō area.
Discover the Spiritual Heritage of Shikoku
Jōmanji Temple is a remarkable destination for anyone interested in Japanese Buddhism, Zen meditation, and the history of Shikoku. Founded by Keizan Jōkin in the 13th century, the temple endured centuries of abandonment before being brought back to life in the modern era. Its reconstructed buildings, sacred cedar, and enduring traditions reflect the resilience of a place deeply rooted in the region’s spiritual history.
Take time to appreciate the peaceful temple grounds and surrounding mountains, and experience the quiet atmosphere that lies at the heart of Zen practice. A visit to Jōmanji offers a rewarding opportunity to discover a lesser-known but important part of Japan’s Buddhist heritage.