The Enshrined Deity: Ōgetsu-hime-no-Mikoto
The principal deity of Kamiichinomiya Ōawa Shrine is Ōgetsu-hime-no-Mikoto, who is also known by the names Ameno-Iwatowake Yagurahime-no-Mikoto and Ōawahime-no-Mikoto. The deity is associated with the region’s ancient agricultural traditions and the cultivation of millet and other grains.
According to the shrine’s traditional account, Ōgetsu-hime-no-Mikoto traveled on horseback from the Niū area of Ise Province, corresponding to present-day Niū in Taki Town, Mie Prefecture, to Awa Province. The deity is said to have introduced millet cultivation to the region, helping establish an agricultural tradition that became closely associated with the area’s identity.
This legend reflects the importance of grain cultivation in the history of rural Japan. It also helps explain the close connection between the shrine, the name Ōawa, and the agricultural heritage of Kamiyama.
A Long History of Worship
An Ancient Shrine Recorded in the Engishiki
Kamiichinomiya Ōawa Shrine has a longstanding association with Ameno-Iwatowake Yagurahime Shrine, an important shrine listed in the Engishiki Jinmyōchō, a register of officially recognized shrines compiled in the early 10th century. The exact location of this ancient shrine has been debated, and Kamiichinomiya Ōawa Shrine is considered one of several possible candidates.
The shrine is traditionally regarded as an important center of worship in Awa Province. According to historical accounts associated with the ancient shrine, it became a place of imperial prayer under Emperor Shōmu in 728, during the Tenpyō era. In 1185, it was reportedly awarded the highest court rank of Shō-ichii, reflecting its distinguished religious status.
The Establishment of Ichinomiya Shrine in Tokushima City
During the Heian period, Ichinomiya Shrine was established in what is now Ichinomiyachō, Tokushima City, as a branch shrine associated with Kamiichinomiya Ōawa Shrine. This helped extend the shrine’s religious influence and strengthen its presence in the wider region.
Changes During the Meiji Period
In 1870, during the early years of the Meiji period, Kamiichinomiya Ōawa Shrine was renamed Haniunoya Shrine. The change did not last permanently, however. Following a petition by local parishioners, the shrine regained its present name, Kamiichinomiya Ōawa Shrine, in 1895.
This episode illustrates the strong attachment local residents maintained to the shrine’s traditional identity. Despite changes in the country’s religious and administrative systems, the community helped preserve its historic name and cultural legacy.
The New Shikoku Mandala Pilgrimage
Kamiichinomiya Ōawa Shrine is the 73rd sacred site on the New Shikoku Mandala Pilgrimage, a spiritual route that links religious sites throughout Shikoku. Unlike the famous 88-temple Shikoku Pilgrimage, this circuit includes both Buddhist temples and Shinto shrines, reflecting the island’s diverse religious traditions.
The neighboring stops on this pilgrimage are Myōhōji Temple, the 72nd site, and Hōzōji Temple, the 74th site. For travelers following the route, Kamiichinomiya Ōawa Shrine offers an opportunity to appreciate the relationship between local shrine worship and the broader pilgrimage culture of Shikoku.
Visiting Kamiichinomiya Ōawa Shrine
The shrine is located in Kamiyama Town, an area known for its mountainous landscapes, traditional settlements, and historic religious sites. A visit can be combined with a broader exploration of the town’s cultural heritage and the surrounding countryside.
Travelers interested in Japanese mythology may find the shrine’s association with Ōgetsu-hime-no-Mikoto particularly compelling. Those interested in history can explore its connection with the ancient shrine recorded in the Engishiki, while pilgrimage travelers can visit it as part of the New Shikoku Mandala route.
Access to Kamiichinomiya Ōawa Shrine
By Car
From Tokushima City, travel toward Kamiyama Town via the Tokushima Expressway area and National Route 438. Driving is a practical option for visitors wishing to explore several attractions in the surrounding mountains and countryside. As local roads can be narrow and winding, allow extra time for the journey.
By Public Transportation
Visitors can take the Kamiyama Line operated by Tokushima Bus and get off at Yorii-naka bus stop. From there, the walk to the shrine takes approximately one hour and 30 minutes. Because the final approach is on foot and bus services may be limited, check current schedules and prepare for the walk before departing.
Discover the Ancient Heritage of Kamiyama
Kamiichinomiya Ōawa Shrine is an important destination for anyone wishing to explore the history and spiritual traditions of Tokushima. Its legends surrounding Ōgetsu-hime-no-Mikoto, its connection with the ancient shrine recorded in the Engishiki, and its role in the New Shikoku Mandala Pilgrimage all contribute to its distinctive character.
Set amid the rural scenery of Kamiyama, the shrine offers more than a place of worship. It provides a window into the beliefs, agricultural traditions, and historical changes that have shaped the former Awa Province. For visitors exploring Tokushima’s cultural attractions, it is a rewarding place to discover the region’s enduring religious heritage.